What is a common mechanism that both triggers and maintenance mechanisms of AF share?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by rapid and irregular electrical activity in the atria, leading to ineffective atrial contraction and a subsequent risk for thromboembolic events. A fundamental feature of both the initiation (triggers) and maintenance (sustaining mechanisms) of AF is the creation of rapid and irregular depolarization. This erratic electrical activity disrupts the regular conduction pathways and contributes to the chaotic electrical pattern seen during AF.

Triggers for AF, often originating from areas such as the pulmonary veins, can initiate this abnormal electrical activity, whereas the maintenance of AF involves various mechanisms that sustain this rapid and irregular depolarization pattern. These mechanisms can include re-entry circuits within the atria or increased automaticity of atrial cells.

In contrast, inducing a normal rhythm, involving only non-conductive tissue, or relying solely on pulmonary vein triggers do not capture the shared characteristic of rapid and irregular depolarization, which is essential for both initiating and maintaining atrial fibrillation. Understanding this common mechanism is critical for developing effective treatment strategies aimed at controlling both the onset and persistence of AF.