What is the major complication associated with atrial fibrillation?

The major complication associated with atrial fibrillation is stroke. Atrial fibrillation can lead to the formation of blood clots in the heart, particularly in the left atrial appendage due to inefficient blood flow. If a clot dislodges, it can travel to the brain and cause an ischemic stroke. This risk is significantly heightened in individuals with additional stroke risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or heart failure.

Management of atrial fibrillation often involves anticoagulation therapy to reduce the risk of stroke. This is fundamental to preventing adverse outcomes, making awareness and understanding of the stroke risk paramount for anyone diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. While heart failure, myocardial infarction, and hypertension are important cardiovascular concerns, they are not as directly and uniquely associated with the arrhythmia as stroke is.